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VOL. 11, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Eutrophication in freshwater bodies: Causes and consequences
Authors
Sonam Bansod, Sudhir Bhandarkar
Abstract
The excessive nutrient enrichment of freshwater ecosystems, or
eutrophication, has become a major worldwide water quality concern endangering
aquatic biodiversity and human well-being. The several causes of eutrophication
are examined in this paper, with a focus on anthropogenic nutrient inputs from
industrial discharges, residential sewage, agricultural fertilizers, and urban
stormwater runoff as the main contributing contributors. The effects show up as
distinctive ecological cascades: dense algal blooms are caused by enhanced
phytoplankton growth, which is followed by microbial decomposition that reduces
dissolved oxygen, resulting in hypoxic zones that kill fish and disrupt benthic
communities. The growth of dangerous cyanobacterial toxins, the loss of water
clarity and submerged macrophytes, the disturbance of nutrient cycle, and the
deterioration of ecosystem services like the availability of drinking water and
recreational opportunities are further effects. In addition to discussing
mitigation measures ranging from point-source controls to watershed-scale best
management practices, the study summarizes current knowledge of eutrophication
mechanisms and assesses monitoring and evaluation methodologies. Integrated
strategies that address nutrient reduction, ecological restoration, and
sustainable land-use planning are necessary for effective eutrophication
management.
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Pages:37-41
How to cite this article:
Sonam Bansod, Sudhir Bhandarkar "Eutrophication in freshwater bodies: Causes and consequences". International Journal of Zoology Studies, Vol 11, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 37-41
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