Among the various insects, butterflies are some of the most enchanting, appealing, and beautiful beings. These brightly coloured insects, belonging to the order Lepidoptera, are vital for the conservation of invertebrate species. Their heightened sensitivity to changes in the environment makes them excellent indicators of ecosystem health. Consequently, a study was conducted at Model Degree College in Boudh, Odisha to assess the diversity and population of butterflies along with their seasonal variations. A short-term survey was performed over a one-year period, from March 2024 to February 2025, within and around the college campus to examine the diversity of butterflies and their distribution across various families, subfamilies, and genera. A total of 41 butterfly species from 5 families, subfamilies, and genera were identified during the survey. Among the 37 species recorded, the Nymphalidae i.e. 14 species which is 38% of total butterflies’ population found in and around the college campus followed by family Lycaenidae i.e 8 species (22%) Pieridae 7 species (19%), Papilionidae 5 species (13%) and Heperiidae 3 species (8%). Of these species, 20 were classified as very common, 10 as common, 20 as uncommon and 4 as rare.