IPR refers to legal ownership by a person or business of an invention/discovery of an invention/discovery attached to particulate product or processes which protects the owner against unauthorised copying or imitation. IPR procedures includes patenting, trademarks, trade secrets, design, varieties, pharma products, database rights etc . Patent is an exclusive right granted by law to applicants/assignees to make use of and exploit their inventions for a limited period of time. The patent holder has the legal right to exclude others from commercially exploiting his invention. An invention should satisfy the three conditions of novelty, inventiveness and usefulness. Earthworms are soil organisms that are known from Darwinian era which perform functions such as improving soil fertility, used as food or bait and also for medicinal and cosmetic uses. They are very sensitive organisms and the rearing procedures need to be standardised. Various attempts were made to patent the useful aspects of earthworm starting from their culturing units to their medicinal properties. This paper highlights the important patents that were filed in beneficial aspects of earthworm and its culturing.